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Of The Month: 6PR
The West Kym
Illman Peter McLernon
Western
Australia is Australia's largest state in area, covering
the western third of the mainland, and is bordered
by South Australia and the Northern Territory. It
is, after the Sakha Republic in Russia, the second
largest subnational entity in the world. Despite this
the population is only 2,105,800 making up 10% of
Australia's total population.
The
people of Western Australia, West Australians or Western
Australians, are often colloquially referred to as
sandgropers because of the insect found on sand dunes
around Perth.
Economy
Western
Australia has the highest per capita output of any
Australian state, with an economy that has been largely
based on the extraction and export of mining and petroleum
commodities, especially, iron, alumina, natural gas,
nickel and gold. Western Australia is a leading alumina
extractor, producing more than 20% of the world's
alumina. It is also the world's third-largest iron
ore producer, producing around 15% of the world's
total iron ore output. Western Australia also extracts
up to 75% of Australia's 240 tonnes of gold. Diamonds
are extracted at Argyle diamond mine in the North
West. Coal is mined at Collie and used for domestic
power production.
Western
Australia's economy recently has benefited from an
unprecedented amount of foreign demand for resources,
particularly from China. This has contributed to strong
GSP growth. Perth has emerged as a significant administration
centre for businesses in the mineral and oil and gas
industries.
Agricultural
exports are also important (amounting to approximately
3% of GSP), especially wheat, barley and sheep products
such as wool and meat. Approximately 50% of Australia's
live cattle exports come from WA. In recent years,
tourism has grown in importance, with the majority
of visitors coming from the United Kingdom and Ireland,
Singapore, Japan and Malaysia.
Western
Australia, with about 10% of Australia's population,
has historically generated approximately 30% of Australia's
export revenues, however the recent commodities boom
has pushed this figure to now exceed 40%. The State
now generates more export income than New South Wales
and Victoria (Australia's two most populous states)
combined. High incomes, strong corporate activity,
lower unemployment, mineral revenue and a younger
population mean that Western Australia provides a
significant financial subsidy to all other states.
The economic boom in Western Australia is so strong
that a significant labour shortage has emerged. The
state government has launched an appeal for more people
to move to the growing state at www.gowestnow.com.
Very high levels of job vacancies have emerged and
unless skilled workers can be found, the state government
fears that significant economic opportunities may
be lost. The average full time income for a Western
Australian in 2007 was A$61,662, compared to the national
average of A$57,387, and was ranked 2nd nationwide
behind the Australian Capital Territory.
This
boom has also caused a massive rise in property values.
Average residential property increased in value by
over 40% in 2006, however values have remained rather
flat in 2007. Perth property is now the second most
valuable in Australia behind Sydney. Large projects
continue to fuel the economy and population growth
continues to push rental prices up.
Significant
refining and manufacturing industries are located
within the state and are continuing to grow strongly
with the state's booming economy. These include Liquified
natural gas production mainly for export to Asia,
Petro chemicals and fertilizer Production in the North
West Shelf region. In September 2007, Hu Jintao, the
President of China visited Western Australia and committed
to the purchase of AUD$45 Billion worth of gas over
a lengthy period. This is the largest export contract
Australia has ever had.
A
major heavy industrial area is located south of Perth
at Kwinana. Oil Refining is conducted here along with
an ironplant owned by Rio Tinto. Alumina and Nickel
are also produced in Kwinana. Shipbuilding is conducted
at Austal yards in Henderson south of Fremantle. Several
heavy and light engineering and metal fabrication
factories are located in Perth catering for the demands
of the mining industry. Other light industries include
cement and building product manufacturing, flour milling,
food processing, animal feed production, automotive
body building, printing and boat building.
Several
major along with smaller specialised breweries are
located mainly in Perth including Swan Brewery at
Canning Vale, Carlton United Brewing at Mosman Bay
others include Little Creatures Brewery in Fremantle
and Gage Roads Brewery also Fremantle. Western Australia
also has major wine producing regions in the South
West located in the Margaret River region and Swan
Valley. Several wineries produce wine for local consumption
and international export.
Western
Australia has a significant fishing industry that
produces fish for local consumption and foreign export
including Western Rock Lobsters, Prawns, Crabs, Shark
and Tuna. Processing is conducted along the west coast.
Whaling ceased at Albany in 1978.
Perth
is a centre for banking and finance, and includes
state head offices for all major banks, Commonwealth,
National Australia Bank, Westpac and ANZ. It is also
home to the Head Office of Woodside Petroleum and
has major offices for Rio Tinto, BHP and Western Mining
Corporation. Perth is Australia's main centre for
mining and oil and gas administration. Several insurance
companies have large offices in Perth including AXA,
Aviva, AMP and SGIO.
Due
to Perth being the only major capital city in Australia
in which it is possible to contact Europe during normal
business hours and is in the same time zone as Singapore,
Manila, Hong Kong, Beijing and Seoul, Perth does an
enormous amount of trading between the close of North
American and the opening of European Stock Exchanges,
and with Asia.
Perth
has the biggest retail sector in the state with retail
outlets being found mainly in Hay, Murray and Wellington
Streets. Several large shopping malls are located
in the suburbs at Garden City, Karrinyup, Morley and
Cannington. Department stores include Myer and David
Jones. Fremantle is also a retail centre catering
for local and tourist needs.
Retail
trade is tightly regulated and there are strict restrictions
on the hours that stores are allowed to open. Major
stores are restricted to open between 8:00am and 6:00
p.m. weekdays except Thursdays in the suburbs where
closing time is 9:00pm. On Saturdays stores are open
from 8:00 am to 5:00pm. A referendum was held on 26
February 2005 on the issue of allowing weekday trading
to 9pm and 6 hours of trade on Sundays; the referendum
was defeated.
Exemptions
to this are granted for designated tourist precincts
of the Perth city centre, Fremantle and major regional
centres: these are allowed to trade on Sundays from
12:00pm until 5:00pm. The Perth City area has Friday
night trading until 9:00pm.
Education
Education
in Western Australia consists of one year of pre-school
at age 5, followed by seven years of primary school
education, ie Years 1 through 7. Students move into
Year 8 at age 13 and five years of secondary education.
The final two years of secondary education are currently
changing to compulsory. All students who completed
Year 10 in 2005 are now required to undertake further
studies in Year 11. Students are required to complete
the year in which they turn 16 (usually Year 11).
Commencing
in 2008 all students will be required to complete
12 years of study before leaving school. Students
will have the option to study at a TAFE college in
their eleventh year or continue through high school
with a vocational course or a specific University
entrance course.
The
major universities in Western Australia are Curtin
University of Technology, Murdoch University, Edith
Cowan University, University of Notre Dame and the
University of Western Australia.
Media
Print
Western
Australia has two daily newspapers: the independent
tabloid The West Australian, Countryman and The Kalgoorlie
Miner. Also published is one Sunday tabloid newspaper,
News Corporation's The Sunday Times.There are also
17 weekly Community Newspapers with distribution from
Yanchep in the North to Mandurah in the South.However,
the interstate broadsheet publication The Australian
is also available, although with sales per capita
lagging far behind those in other states. With the
advent of the Internet, other online publications
from around the world are now easily accessible. Some,
like the New South Wales based The Sydney Morning
Herald and The Australian which provide free access
to their sites, are becoming increasingly popular.
Television
Metropolitan
Perth has six broadcast television stations;
* ABC WA. Produces nightly local news at 7pm. (digital
& analogue) (callsign: ABW - Channel 2 Analogue,
Channel 12 Digital)
* SBS WA (digital & analogue) (callsign: SBS -
Channel 28 Analogue, Channel 29 Digital)
* Seven Network Perth. Produces weeknightly local
news from 6pm - 7pm. (digital & analogue) (callsign:
TVW - Channel 7 Analogue, Channel 6 Digital)
* Nine Network Perth. Produces weeknightly local news
from 6pm - 6.30pm. (digital & analogue) (callsign:
STW - Channel 9 Analogue, Channel 8 Digital)
* Network Ten Perth. Airs weeknightly local news from
5pm - 6pm, however live from Sydney. (digital &
analogue) (callsign: NEW - Channel 10 Analogue, Channel
11 Digital)
* Access 31. Community service channel. (analogue-only)
(callsign: ATW - Channel 31 Analogue)
In
addition, broadcasters operate digital multichannels:
* ABC2 (carried by ABW)
* SBS World News Channel (carried by SBS)
* Ten HD (carried by NEW)
* Seven HD (carried by TVW)
* Nine HD (carried by STW)
Regional
WA has a similar availability of stations, with the
exception of Access 31 in all areas but Bunbury and
Albany. The metropolitans commercial stations are
affiliated with:
* Golden West Network (GWN). Produces weeknightly
local news from 5.30pm - 6pm, also airs Seven Perth
news until 7pm) (analogue only) (callsign: SSW South
West, VEW Goldfields/Esperance, GTW Central West,
WAW Statewide)
* WIN Television WA. Produces weeknightly local news
from 5:30pm - 6pm, however live from Perth. Also airs
Nine Perth news from 6pm - 6:30pm. (analogue only)
(callsign: WOW)
Pay
TV services are provided by Foxtel, which acquired
many of the assets and all the remaining subscribers
of the insolvent Galaxy Television satellite service
in 1998. Some metropolitan suburbs are serviced by
Pay TV via cable; however, most of the metropolitan
and rural areas can only access Pay TV via satellite.
Radio
Perth
have many radio stations on both AM and FM frequencies.
ABC stations include News Radio (585AM), Local Radio
6WF (720AM), Radio national (810AM), Classic FM (97.7FM)
and Triple-J. The 6 commercial stations are: FM- 92.9,
Nova 93.7, Mix 94.5, 96fm, and AM- 882 6PR, and 1080.
The
leading community stations are RTR FM 92.1 and Sonshine
FM 98.5. (Credit:
Wikipedia).
Profiles
Peter McLernon
Kym
Illman
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